Intermediate hosts of multilocularis hydatyd disease

• Oleg N. Andreyanov

Abstract

Presented are materials of many years on the detection of intermediate hosts of multilocularis hydatid disease caused by alveolar echinococcus.

The purpose of the study was to study the distribution of the larval form Echinococcus multilocularis in hunting rodents in the natural conditions of the Central Region of Russia. The scientific work was carried out during 2010–2022.

Material and methods. The material for the study was corpses, carcasses, individual organs and tissues of rodents. The capture of animals was carried out by hunters, zoologists, environmental biologists. Animal carcasses were collected from live traps, mousetraps, traps and pits. Micromammals was examined posthumously by complete and partial helminthological autopsies according by K.I. Scriabin. On the sectional table in rodents, the liver and lungs were studied in detail. The conditions of parasitic hydatid cysts have been organoleptically and instrumentally studied.

Results. As a result of this research, 238 micromammals of 9 families of 15 species were studied. The only cyst of alveolar echinococcosis, E. multilocularis, was found in 2022 in the river beaver (Castor fiber). The animal was obtained from the reservoir of the Kaluga region of the Medynsky district (♂, 5–6 years old). The invasion intensity of the presented host was 0.91%. Alveolar hydatida weighed 22 g. The diameter of the daughter cysts was from 0.2 to 1.0–1.5 cm. The outer layers (cuticular and germinal) of the cyst are calcified. The cyst fluid is clear and contains a small amount of insoluble calcium salts. The sediment of the hydatid liquid is gray-yellow. The fluid contained hydatid sand, daughter acephalocysts, and full-fledged protoscolexes. Most germ capsules and scolexes (about 90%) were at different stages of calcification. Single morphologically normal scolexes, when heated to 40 °C, turn inside out and showed passive movements. In the liver of 1 gray rat and 5 muskrats, parasitic cysts of Cysticercus fasciolaris were recorded in an amount of 1–2 specimens. Unfavorable territory in this invasion is noted in the Shilovsky and Kasimovsky districts of Ryazan region. Invasion extensiveness was 4.1 and 13.8%, respectively. The physiological state of the cysts corresponded to viable. A single movable scolex in the cyst was noted in size from 1 to 5 cm.

Conclusion. Currently, parasitic cysts of E. multilocularis are recorded in 5 rodents in the Central region of Russia, including the river beaver (Castor fiber). Most often, registration of metacestodes occurs in the animal liver. Monitoring studies of the features of dangerous zoonosis epizootology among rodents in nature can become the main basis for the development of preventive measures and the treatment of hydatid disease in humans.

Keywords:hydatid disease; metacestode; rodents; Echinococcus multilocularis

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