Features of inflammatory periodontal diseases course in combination with a new coronavirus disease. A systematic review

Abstract

Risk factors for severe COVID-19 are also associated with periodontitis. They are smoking, older age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

The aim of the study was to select and analyze publications that consider a possible relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and the severity of COVID-19.

Material and methods. The search for publications by the key words was conducted using the electronic databases: Cochrane Library; MEDLINE, eLIBRARY for systematic review. We selected 94 publications, the systematic review included 10 scientific articles presenting the results of randomized trials.

Results. The results of the analysis showed the connection between COVID-19 severity and inflammatory periodontal diseases presence. In the patients with severe COVID-19 on the background of periodontitis it was established a high risk for artificial lung ventilation prescription. The course of COVID-19 is possibly depending on high expression of ACE2 receptors in oral mucosal cells and aspiration of pathogenic bacteria from periodontal tissues with saliva on the background of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The bacterial etiology of periodontitis plays important role of an immunological trigger that causes hyperreaction of humoral and cellular immunity, NETosis activation and NLRP3 inflammation.

Conclusion. The presence of periodontitis in patients with overweight and obesity, DM or hypertension may be associated with severe COVID-19 course, possible development of complications and pneumonia.

Keywords:periodontitis; inflammatory periodontal disease; COVID-19

Funding. The work was carried out within the framework of a grant from the A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry to support scientific researches in 2020.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Contribution. The concept and design of the study – Yanushevich O.O., Evarnitskaya N.R.; collection and processing of material – Evarnitskaya N.R.; writing the text – Evarnitskaya N.R.; editing – Yanushevich O.O.; approval of the final version of the article – Yanushevich O.O.

For citation: Evarnitskaya N.R., Yanushevich O.O. Features of inflammatory periodontal diseases course in combination with a new coronavirus disease. A systematic review. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2023; 12 (1): 90–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2023-12-1-90-96 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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