A new approach to assessing the immunomodulatory and virus-inhibiting activity of medical preparations

Abstract

The effect of interferon on cells is carried out through interaction with specific cellular receptors. Interferon is necessary for the formation of an immune response to an antigenic stimulus, and each antigen is an interferonogen. The presence of monoclonal antireceptor antibodies makes it possible to determine directly on the cell membranes of human immunocompetent cells the expression of receptor proteins of a glycoprotein nature binding to α and γ interferons.

The aim of the work was to evaluate in vitro the immunomodulatory and virus-inhibiting activity of the drugs Dibenorm, Ingaron and Tamerit by the expression of interferon receptors (IFN-R) α and γ on mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood of the donor.

Material and methods. Mononuclear cells of peripheral blood of the donor (PBMC), immunomodulators, conjugate based on monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies m(anti-ID)Ab were used in the work with interferon-like properties, labeled with fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITZ). A mixture of several serotypes of reovirus was used as a model virus when evaluating the antiviral activity of drugs. Immunomodulator preparations were evaluated by the level of expression of IFN-R α and γ in vitro experiments in direct immunofluorescence analysis.

Statistical processing was carried out using the Student’s t-test at a confidence level of p≤0.01 and using the Microsoft Office Excel computer program.

Results and discussion. 3 drugs were studied: Dibenorm, Ingaron – immunomodulators with antiviral activity and the drug Tamerit – immunomodulator. Experiments conducted in vitro have shown that Dibenorm and Ingaron preparations caused different levels of expression of IFN-R α and γ. With the preliminary introduction of virus-containing fluid and immunomodulators, there was a sharp decrease in the level of expression of IFN-R α and γ on the membranes of human lymphocytes, which proves the presence of virus-inhibiting activity in the preparations Dibenorm and Ingaron.

The drug Tamerit caused a high level of expression of IFN-R α and γ on the membranes of lymphocytes. With the preliminary interaction of the drug Tamerit with reovirus, followed by the induction of this mixture of human lymphocytes, an increase in the expression of IFN-R α and γ was noted. In this regard, it can be assumed that Tamerit was exclusively an immunomodulator.

Conclusion. The data obtained in the experiment, most likely, will allow clinicians to decide whether it is appropriate to prescribe an immunomodulator for viral or other infectious diseases.

Keywords:human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; interferon receptors α and γ; monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies; immunomodulators; immunofluorescence method

Funding. The study had no sponsor support.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Contribution. The concept and design of the study – Nagieva F.G., Barkova E.P.; collection and processing of the material – Nagieva F.G., Barkova E.P., Laskavy V.N., Stroeva A.D., Kharchenko O.C., Lisakov A.N., Svitich O.A., Zverev V.V.; statistical processing – Nagieva F.G., Barkova E.P.; writing – Nagieva F.G.; editing – Nagieva F.G., Stroeva A.D.

For citation: Nagieva F.G., Barkova E.P., Stroeva A.D., Laskavy V.N., Kharchenko O.S., Lisakov A.N., Svitich O.A., Zverev V.V. A new approach to assessing the immunomodulatory and virus-inhibiting activity of medical preparations. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2022; 11 (4): 82–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2022-11-4-82-90

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CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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