Diversity of circulating rotavirus strains before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine

Abstract

Every year, rotaviruses cause more than 137 million cases of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, of which up to 592,000 are fatal.

The aim – of the study is to assess trends in the circulation of rotavirus strains in the Republic of Tajikistan before and after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine.

Material and methods. The study group included 2860 vaccinated children under the age of 5 living in Dushanbe. Among them, 1207 (42%) children had positive results for rotavirus infection. During the study period (2013–2017), 459 (38.0%) samples were sent for genotyping.

Results and discussion. In 2013, out of 111 genotyped samples, 78 (70.3%) had the G1P(8) genotype, 12 (10.8%) had mixed genotypes (G1P+G9P), 10 (9.0%) had the G9P(6) genotype, 7 (6.3%) – for the G9P(8) genotype and the remaining 4 (3.6%) – for other genotypes. In 2017, out of 52 genotyped samples, only 3 (5.7%) had the G1P(8) genotype, while the G4P(8) genotype accounted for a significant proportion of circulating rotavirus strains – 25 (48.1%). Genotype G4P(8) in the period 2013–2015 had no significant epidemiological significance, since it was detected only once in three years. In 2016, an increase in the number of circulating G2P(4) and G9P(8) genotypes was also revealed, respectively 32.3% and 25.2%. The study found that in the post-vaccination period, the G1P(8) genotype is no longer dominant.

Conclusion. The introduction of a monovalent rotavirus vaccine into the National Immunization Schedule is of great importance in the prevention of rotavirus infection, which can lead to a decrease in the rate of hospitalization of children with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, and, as a result, a decrease in infant mortality.

Continued sentinel epidemiological surveillance of rotavirus infection will make it possible to promptly detect changes in the landscape of circulating rotavirus strains, evaluate the effectiveness of the applied rotavirus vaccines and reasonably correct the system of preventive and anti-epidemic measures, as well as develop new vaccines taking into account the dominant strains of rotaviruses.

Keywords:rotavirus infection; monovalent rotavirus vaccine

Funding. There was no financial support.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Contribution. Study concept and design – Nazurdinov A.B., Tursunov R.A., Tishkova F.Kh.; collection and processing of material – Nazurdinov A.B., Tursunov R.A.; statistical processing – Nazurdinov A.B.; writing an article – Nazurdinov A.B., Tursunov R.A.; editing – Tishkova F.Kh.

For citation: Nazurdinov A.B., Tishkova F.Kh., Tursunov R.A. A variety of circulating strains of rotavirus infection before and after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2022; 11 (4): 77–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2022-11-4-77-81

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CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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