Polymorphism of genes in patients with new coronavirus infection COVID-19

Abstract

The incidence of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) varies significantly between countries and continents. Until now, there has been no clear explanation for this observation. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a large difference in infection and mortality rates between men and women. This may be due to the gender difference in the polymorphism of genes linked to the X chromosome, which play an important role in the immune response. In addition, there is a different degree of severity of the disease: from an asymptomatic course and mild symptoms to a life-threatening condition requiring hospitalization in the intensive care unit and artificial lung ventilation.

Several factors are associated with the severity of COVID-19, such as elderly age, multiple comorbid diseases, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, etc. However, we observe that severe disease is also observed in patients who do not have the above risk factors. In recent months, severe forms of COVID-19 have been reported in children, including early infancy.

In this connection, it is relevant, in our opinion, to focus the problem on genetic factors, such as the carriage of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which can affect susceptibility to infection and variability in the severity of the disease.

Keywords:coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; genetic polymorphism; morbidity; severe course; mortality

Funding. The scientific research was not funded by third-party organizations.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare the absence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.

Contribution. Writing a review, analysis of literary sources – Kantemirova B.I.; building a review design, analysis of literary sources, methodological and advisory assistance – Vasilkova V.V.

For citation: Kantemirova B.I., Vasilkova V.V. Polymorphism of genes in patients with new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2022; 11 (3): 130–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2022-11-3-130-137

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CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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