The effect of etiotropic therapy on the formation of immune disorders in patients with COVID-19

Abstract

The course of a new coronavirus infection is associated with immune system disorders during the acute stage of the desease. Administration of effective etiotropiс drugs contributes to early elimination of the virus. At the same time, risks of post-COVID immune system disorders are minimized.

The aim of the study was to investigate features of the immune response formation against the background of etiotropic therapy in patients who underwent COVID-19.

Material and methods. An observational retrospective comparative study was conducted. The study involved patients with COVID-19 3 months after treatment with etiotropic drugs (riamilovir or umifenovir). The study involved 87 patients (52 women and 35 men) with varying degrees of COVID-19 severity. In accordance with the study design, participants were divided into 2 groups: the first group – 41 patients (received riamilovir during the acute period of the disease); the second group – 46 patients (received umifenovir in the acute period of the disease). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 8.0 software package. Extensive indicators, median (Me) and interquarter range Q25–Q75 were calculated. Statistical significance between the indicators of independent samples was assessed by Mann–Whitney nonparametric test and Chi-square test. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results and discussion. Analysis of clinical and laboratory data showed that after suffering COVID-19, not all indicators of the immune system in patients who had had COVID-19 recovered to control values. However, it is noted that in patients of the main group, which using riamilovir, compared to the comparison group was less likely to be diagnosed with chronic systemic syndrome, inflammation, dysregulation of the cellular link of immunity in the early post-COVID period.

Keywords:COVID-19; immune system; riamilovir; umifenovir; early post-COVID period

Funding. The study had no sponsor support.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Contribution. The concept and design of the study – Tikhonova E.P., Savchenko A.A.; collection and processing of material – Borisov A.G., Kalinina Yu.S., Elistratova T.A., Sadovsky I.S.; statistical processing – Kuzmina T.Yu., Belenyuk V.D.; writing the text – Tikhonova E.P., Savchenko A.A.; editing – Borisov A.G.

For citation: Tikhonova E.P., Savchenko A.A., Yelistratova T.A., Kalinina Yu.S., Kuzmina T.Yu., Kasparov E.V., Belenyuk V.D., Sadovsky I.S., Borisov A.G. The effect of etiotropic therapy on the formation of immune disorders in patients with COVID-19. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2022; 11 (3): 61–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2022-11-3-61-68

References

1. Fukushima T., Tsuji T., Watanabe N., Sakurai T., et al. The current status of inpatient cancer rehabilitation provided by designated cancer hospitals in Japan. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2021; 51 (7): 1094–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyab070

2. Silver J.K., Baima J., Mayer R.S. Impairment-driven cancer rehabilitation: an essential component of quality care and survivorship. CA Cancer J Clin. 2013; 63: 295–317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21186

3. Dong S.T., Butow P.N., Costa D.S., Lovell M.R., Agar M. Symptom clusters in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review of observational studies. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014; 48: 411–50.

4. Neo J., Fettes L., Gao W., Higginson I.J., Maddocks M. Disability in activities of daily living among adults with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017; 61: 94–106.

5. Omran S., Mcmillan S. Symptom severity, anxiety, depression, self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018; 19: 365–74.

6. Kasyanenko K.V., Kozlov K.V., Maltsev O.V., Lapikov I.I. et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Riamilovir in the complex therapy of patients with COVID-19. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv [Therapeutic Archive]. 2021; 93 (3): 290–294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2021.03.200719 (in Russian)

7. Sabitov A.U., Sorokin P.V., Dashutina S.Yu. Experience of the preventive use of the drug Riamilovir in the foci of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Terapevticheskii Arkhiv [Therapeutic Archive]. 2021; 93 (4): 435–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2021.04.200751 (in Russian)

8. Sabitov A.U., Sorokin P.V., Dashutina S.Yu. The efficacy and safety of Riamilovir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiya [Antibiotics and Chemotherapy]. 2021; 66: 1–2: 33–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-1-2-33-37 (in Russian)

9. WHO Working Group on the Clinical Characterisation and Management of COVID-19 infection. A minimal common outcome measure set for COVID-19 clinical research. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20 (8): e192–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30483-7. Erratum in: Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20 (10): e250. PMID: 32539990; PMCID: PMC7292605.

10. Klok F.A., Boon G.J.A.M., Barco S., Endres M., et al. The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale: a tool to measure functional status over time after COVID-19. Eur Respir J. 2020; 56 (1): 2001494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01494-2020; PMID: 32398306; PMCID: PMC7236834.

11. Kozlov V.A., Savchenko A.A., Kudryavtsev I.V., Kozlov I.G., et al. Clinical Immunology. Krasnoyarsk: Polikor, 2020: 345 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17513/np.438 (in Russian)

12. Kudryavtsev I.V., Subbotovskaya A.I. Application of six-color flow cytometric analysis for immune profile monitoring. Meditsinskaya Immunologiya [Medical Immunology]. 2015; 17 (1): 19–26. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2015-1-19-26 (in Russian)

13. Li G., Fan Y., Lai Y., Han T., et al. Coronavirus infections and immune responses. J Med Virol. 2020; 92 (4): 424–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25685

All articles in our journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 license)

CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Journals of «GEOTAR-Media»