Pathogenetic relationship between the condition gut microbiota and liver diseases

Abstract

The human commensal microbiota is a collection of all microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi) inhabiting different places of the human body. The composition of species, the ratio of potentially pathogenic strains and representatives of the normal human microbiota affect the predisposition to diseases, the nature of their course. Its role in the pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms, autism, depression, Clostridium difficile infection, autoimmune, endocrine and other diseases has been proven. There is increasing evidence of the impact of the microbiota on the course of liver disease, including viral hepatitis. It is noted that changes in the gut microbiota composition and an increase of intestinal barrier permeability are observed even at the initial stages of the disease, before the development of significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. This literature review presents the results of studies of the microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis B and C, its effect on metabolism and immune responses that determine the nature of the course of the pathological process in the liver.

Keywords:microbiota; microbiome; metabolome; viral hepatitis B; viral hepatitis C; liver cirrhosis

Funding. The study had no sponsor support.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Contribution. The authors contributed equally to this article.

For citation: Ventslovayte N.D., Goriacheva L.G., Gonchar N.V., Greshnyakova V.A., Efremova N.A. Pathogenetic relationship between the condition gut microbiota and liver diseases. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2022; 11 (2): 97–105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2022-11-2-97-105

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Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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