Co-infection with Sindbis virus and West Nile virus in experiment

Abstract

Assessing the consequences of coinfection with various arboviruses requires understanding whether such infection leads to an increase in the severity of the disease.

The aim was to study co-infection with Sindbis virus and West Nile virus in an experiment.

Material and methods. The West Nile virus strain (WNV_Volg601/18) and the Sindbis virus strain (SINV_Volg673/19) were used in the work. The concentration of the viral isolate was determined by plaque formation using a Vero cell culture. Male laboratory nonlinear white mice were used to simulate fevers. Determination of the antigen of viruses in the material of animal organs was carried out by ELISA. The presence of specific antibodies to viruses was detected using a neutralization reaction. Histological studies of animal organs were carried out according to the standard method.

As a result of coinfection with Sindbis virus and West Nile virus of the Vero cell culture, a higher titer was established for the first pathogen. In nonlinear white mice infected with two viruses simultaneously, the antigen of the Sindbis virus was detected for 84 days, the West Nile virus – 15 days; specific antibodies were detected starting from day 10 after infection, the titer of immunoglobulins to the Sindbis virus was higher; clinical manifestations were expressed in arthritis in 50% of mice and paresis of the hind limbs in 10%, the survival rate was 85%; histological examinations revealed perivascular and pericellular cerebral edema, with focal neutrophilic – lymphocytic and macrophage infiltration and hyaline balls (encephalitis), foci of lympholeukocytic infiltration in the heart, pulmonary atelectasis, hemosiderosis and foci of necrosis in the liver.

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the competitive suppression of the West Nile virus by the Sindbis virus in most cases. Identifying the features of the interaction of various arboviruses and clinical aspects of coinfection is of significant importance for the regions of the Russian Federation, in the territories of which their joint circulation has been established.

Keywords:arboviruses; coinfection; West Nile fever; Sindbis fever

Funding. The study had no sponsor support.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Contribution. The authors contributed equally to this article.

For citation: Molchanova E.V., Snigur G.L., Gerasimova A.D., Luchinin D.N., Gusev E.A. Co-infection with Sindbis virus and West Nile virus in experiment. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2022; 11 (2): 77–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2022-11-2-77-84

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CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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