Validation of the russian version of the 4C Mortality Score and prediction of outcomes of severe COVID-19

Abstract

The aim of the study is to validate the Russian version of the 4C Mortality Score scale and evaluate its accuracy in predicting the outcomes of severe COVID-19.

Material and methods. The staff of the Center for Validation of International Scales and Questionnaires of the Research Center of Neurology received official permission from the authors to conduct a validation study of the 4C Mortality Score scale in Russia. In the course of the work, the linguistic and cultural ratification of the scale was carried out and its Russian-language version was prepared. Psychometric properties (reliability and validity) The Russian-language version was evaluated on a group of 78 patients (37 of whom were men, aged 34 to 88 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, hospitalized in the City Clinical Hospital No. 15 named after O.M. Filatov (Moscow) in the period from June to August 2021.

Results. The linguocultural adaptation of the 4C Mortality Score scale was successfully carried out. High levels of reliability were obtained (Spearman correlation coefficient ρ=0.91, p<0.0001; Cronbach’s alpha α=0.73, p=0.0002; Cohen’s kappa κ=0.85, p<0.0001). It is shown that the 4C Mortality Score scores have a significant correlation with the COVID-GRAM scores (r=0.72, p=0.002) and NEWS2 (r=0.54, p=0.004).

Conclusion. As a result of the validation study, the official Russian version of the 4C Mortality Score scale was developed. It is recommended for use by medical professionals of various specialties at all stages of providing medical care to patients with COVID-19. The scale is available for download on the website of the Center for Validation of International Scales and Questionnaires of the Research Center of Neurology (https://www.neurology.ru/reabilitaciya/centr-validacii-mezhdunarodnyh-shkal-i-oprosnikov).

Keywords:COVID-19; validation; Russian version of the 4C Mortality Score scale; forecasting

Funding. The study was not sponsored.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Contribution. All authors have made an equivalent contribution to the preparation of the publication.

For citation: Vechorko V.I., Averkov O.V., Suponeva N.A., Piradov M.A., Zimin A.A., Yusupova D.G., Zaitsev A.B., Grishin D.V., Polekhina N.V., Naminov A.V., Ramchandani N.M., Knight S.R., Semple M.G., Harrison E.M. Validation of the russian version of the 4C Mortality Score. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2022; 11 (1): 57–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2022-11-1-57-63 (in Russian)

References

1. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus

2. Wu Z., McGoogan J.M. Characteristics of and important lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020; 323 (13): 123942. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648

3. Wilson M.E., Dobler C.C., Morrow A.S., et al. Association of home noninvasive positive pressure ventilation with clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2020; 323 (5): 455–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.22343

4. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 31.01.2020 No. 66 “On amendments to the list of diseases that pose a danger to others”. (in Russian)

5. Rodriguez-Nava G., Yanez-Bello M.A., Trelles-Garcia D.P., Chung C.W., et al. Performance of the quick COVID-19 severity index and the Brescia-COVID respiratory severity scale in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a community hospital setting. Int J Infect Dis. 2021; 102: 571–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.003

6. Mareev V.Yu., Begrambekova Yu.L., Mareev Yu.V. How evaluate results of treatment in patients with COVID-19? Symptomatic Hospital and Outpatient Clinical Scale for COVID-19 (SHOCS-COVID). Kardiologiia. 2020; 60 (11): 35–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2020.11.n1439

7. https://www.1spbgmu.ru/ru/klinika/shkala-otsenki-tyazhesti-sostoyaniya-dlya-patsientov-s-covid-19

8. Imam Z., Odish F., Gill I., et al. Older age and comorbidity are independent mortality predictors in a large cohort of 1305 COVID-19 patients in Michigan, United States. J Intern Med. 2020; 288 (4): 469–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13119

9. Knight S.R., Ho A., Pius R., Buchan I., et al. Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol: development and validation of the 4C Mortality Score. BMJ. 2020; 370: m3339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3339

10. Carr E., Bendayan R., Bean D., et al. Evaluation and improvement of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) for COVID-19: a multi-hospital study. BMC Med. 2021; 19 (1): 23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01893-3

11. Novik A.A., Ionova T.I. Guidelines for the study of quality of life in medicine. 2nd ed. Edited by acad. RAMS Yu.L. Shevchenko. Moscow: ZAO “OLMA Media Grupp”, 2007: 320 p.

12. Sakpal TV. Sample size estimation in clinical trial. Perspect Clin Res. 2010; 1 (2): 67–9. PMID: 21829786.

13. Hernández-Garduño E. Obesity is the comorbidity more strongly associated for Covid-19 in Mexico. A case-control study. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2020; 14 (4): 375–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2020.06.001

14. Jones A., Pitre T., Junek M, et al. External validation of the 4C mortality score among COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective study. Sci Rep 2021; 11 (1): 18638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97332-1; PMID: 34545103.

15. Kuroda S., Matsumoto S., Sano T., et al. External validation of the 4C Mortality Score for patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing cardiovascular diseases/risk factors. BMJ Open. 2021; 11 (9): e052708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052708

16. Ali R., Qayyum F., Ahmed N., Haroon M.Z., et al. Isaric 4c Mortality Score as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in Covid-19 patients admitted in ayub teaching hospital during first wave of the Pandemic. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2021; 33 (1): 20–5. PMID: 33774948.

All articles in our journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 license)

CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Journals of «GEOTAR-Media»