Territorial features of the epidemic process of infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus

Abstract

The incidence of infectious mononucleosis in Russia has regional differences, the causes of which are not established.

The aim of the study is an epidemiological analysis of the territorial unevenness of the incidence of infectious mononucleosis in the Russian Federation.

Material and methods. The indicators of the incidence of infectious mononucleosis and the results of a survey of 32 550 people for markers of infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 16 regions of the country in 2011-2020 were analyzed.

Results and discussion. The analysis of the average long-term morbidity levels and the frequency of detection of markers of EBV activity did not reveal significant correlations, which is probably a consequence of different approaches to interpreting the results of laboratory diagnostics.

The recorded dynamics of the morbidity indicators of the child population, apparently, reflects the real epidemic situation, since it is in a reliable strong inverse correlation with the prevalence of markers of chronic latent EBV infection. The morbidity rates of the adult population are significantly underestimated in all the studied regions (the correlation between the dynamics of morbidity and changes in the number of seronegative people and the frequency of detection of markers of EBV activity in this age group is not significant).

Similar trends in the frequency of detection of markers of EBV activity depending on age (significantly higher indicators of IgG EA and virus DNA in saliva and lower - IgM VCA and DNA in the blood in adults compared with the age group of 0-17 years) they indicate a similarity in the development of the epidemic process of EBV infection in the studied regions. The high prevalence of IgG EBNA in the adult population of regions with a poorly comfortable climate (zones of steppes, semi-deserts, deserts and tundra) may be a consequence of the negative influence of natural factors on the state of resistance of the body and, as a result, a high frequency of reactivations of EBV infection.

Conclusion. In the studied regions, the epidemic process of EBV infection does not have significant territorial features.

Keywords:infectious mononucleosis, epidemic process, territorial unevenness of morbidity

Funding. The study had no sponsor support.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare that there no conflict of interest.

Contribution. Concept and design of the study - SoLomay T.V., Semenenko T.A., Kuzin S.N.; material selection and statistical processing - SoLomay T.V., text writing - SoLomay T.V., Semenenko T.A., Kuzin S.N.; editing - Semenenko T.A.; approval of the final version of the article - Semenenko T.A.; responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article - SoLomay T.V.

For citation: SoLomay T.V., Semenenko T.A., Kuzin S.N., Akimkin V.G. Territorial features of the epidemic process of infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2021; 10 (4): 81-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2021-10-4-81-89 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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