Ecological and biocenotical relations and epidemiology of some natural foci viral infections

Abstract

The investigation of biocenotical relations in their foci on infections with tick and mosquito transmission factors and without their involvement, has allowed to reveal ecological peculiarities that have influence on epidemiological manifestations of the infectious diseases. The species structure of biocenosis the going out mechanism of an infectious agent from natural foci, the mode of human infection, and peculiarities of interactions between infectious agent and human being have been placed in the basis of the chosen approach. The analytical results on tick-borne encephalitis, monkey smallpox, denge fever, Ebola fever, West Nile fever, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Crimean hemorrhagic fever have been used.

Keywords:biocenosis, infection, transmitters, natural foci, transmission, ecology, epidemiology

Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. 2018; 7 (3): 114-26. doi: 10.24411/2305-3496-2018-13017.

References

1. Manual on virology: viruses and viral infections of humans and animals. Edited by D.K. l'vov. Moscow: MIA; 2013: 1200 p. (in Russian)

2. Erlanger T.E., Weiss S., Keiser J., et al. Past, present, and future of Japanese encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009; 15 (1): 1-7.

3. Borisevich S.V., Bondarev V.P. West Nile Fever: the past and the present. Molekulyarnaya Meditsina [Molecular Medicine]. 2009; (5): 47-51. (in Russian)

4. Stovba L.F., Lebedev V.N., Petrov A.A., et al. Emerging coronavirus which gives rise to the disease in humans. Problemy osobo opasnykh infektsiy [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. 2015; (2): 68-74. (in Russian)

5. Alekseev A.N., Lobzin Yu.V. Tick-borne infections and their vectors: modern problems of parasitology and epidemiology (Lecture). Saint Petersburg: Voenno-meditsinskaya akademiya imeni C.M. Kirova, 2005: 44 p. (in Russian)

6. Balashov Yu.S. The role of bloodsucking ticks and insects in natural foci of infections. Parazitologiya [Parasitology]. 1999; Vol. 33 (3): 210-22. (in Russian)

7. Zlobin V.I., Verkhozina M.M., Demina T.V., et al. Molecular epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis. Voprosy virusologii [Problems of Virology]. 2007; (6): 4-13. (in Russian)

8. Pogodina V.V., Karan' L.S., Levina L.S., et al. 75-anniversary of the tick-borne encephalitis discovery. Comparison of historical (1937-1945) and modern strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus. Voprosy virusologii [Problems of Virology]. 2012; (1): 66-76. (in Russian)

9. Bolotin E.I. Ixodid mites of the Russian Far East. Vladivostok, 1999: 11 p. (in Russian)

10. L'vov D.K., Zlobin V.I. Strategy and tactics of fighting tick-borne encephalitis at the present stage. Voprosy virusologii [Problems of Virology]. 2007; (5): 26-30. (in Russian)

11. Zlobin V.I., Gorin O.Z. Tick-borne encephalitis. Etiology. Epidemiology and prevention in Siberia. Novosibirsk, 1996: 177 p. (in Russian)

12. Shchuchinova L.D., Shchuchinov L.V. Routes of human tick-borne Encephalitis virus infection in the Altai Republic. Zdorov'e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya [Public Health and Life Environment]. 2014; (8): 51-3. (in Russian)

13. Mel'nikova O.V., Botvinkin A.D., Danchinova G.A. Infection of hungry and mite-fed tick-borne encephalitis virus (according to the enzyme immunoassay). Zhurnal infektsionnoy patologii [Journal of Infectious Pathology]. 1996; 3 (1): 14-8. (in Russian)

14. Bogomolov L.I. Crimean hemorrhagic fever. The experience of soviet medicine in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Moscow: Medgiz; 1955; 31: 245-61. (in Russian)

15. Onishchenko G.G., Eremenko V.I., Beyer A.P. Crimean hemorrhagic fever. Moscow: All-Russian Educational Scientific and Methodological Center for Continuing Medical and Pharmaceutical Education; 2005: 269 p. (in Russian)

16. Ugleva S.V., Burkin A.V., Borisova O.I., Shabalina S.V. Crimean hemorrhagic fever: epidemiology, clinical picture, differential diagnosis. Epide-miologiya i infektsionnye bolezni [Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases]. 2012; (4): 24-31. (in Russian)

17. Volynkina A.S., Pakskina N.D., Yatsmenko E.V., et al. Analysis of Epidemiological Situation on Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2013 and Prognosis for 2014. Problemy osobo opasnykh infektsiy [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. 2014; (2): 40-4. (in Russian)

18. Butenko A.M., Trusova I.N. Incidence of Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Europe, Africa and Asia (1943-2012). Epidemiologiya i infektsionnye bolezni [Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases]. 2013; (5): 46-9. (in Russian)

19. Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. Statistical materials. http://government.ru/en/department/248/events/ (in Russian)

20. Sannikova I.V. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: clinical and pathogenetic aspects and treatment optimization: Autoabstract of Diss. Moscow, 2009: 45 p. (in Russian)

21. Kolobukhina L.V., L'vov D.N. West Nile fever. Edited by D.K. L'vov. Viruses and Viral Infections of People and Animals: a Guide to Virology. Moscow: MIA; 2013: 1200 p. (in Russian)

22. Putintseva E.V., Antonov V.A., Smelyanskiy V.P., et al. The Features of West Nile fever epidemiological situation in the World and Russia in 2013 and prognosis of its development in 2014. Problemy osobo opasnykh infektsiy [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. 2014 (2): 33-9. (in Russian)

23. L'vov D.K. West Nile fever. Voprosy virusologii [Problems of Virology]. 2000; (2): 4 9. (in Russian)

24. Alekseev A.N. Vector-borne diseases: the origin and mechanisms ensuring their transmission by blood-sucking arthropods. In: Infectious Diseases: Problems of Public Health and Military Medicine: Proceedings of the Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. Saint Petersburg, 2006: 55-70. (in Russian)

25. Vinogradova E.B. The mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex in Russia (taxonomy, distribution, ecology, physiology, genetics, practical importance and control). Saint Petersburg, 1997: 307 p. (in Russian)

26. Krasnova E.M., L'vov D.K., Zhukov A.N., et al. Epidemiological monitoring of West Nile fever in the Volgograd region. Voprosy virusologii [Problems of Virology]. 2001; (4): 27-31. (in Russian)

27. Vasilakis N., Tesh R.B., Weaver S.C. Sylvatic dengue virus type 2 activity in humans, Nigeria, 1966. Emerg Infec Dis. 2008; 14 (3): 502-4.

28. Kedrova O.V. Information about dangerous infectious diseases epidemiological situation, which requiring taking measures for territory sanitary control in the world, CIS states and Russian Federation. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2015; (3): 13-7. (in Russian)

29. Guzman M.G., Alvarez M., Rodriguez-Roche R., et al. Neutralizing antibodies after infection with dengue 1 virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007; 13 (2): 282-6.

30. Cantelar de Francisco N., Fernandez A., Albert Molina L., Perez Balbis E. Survey of dengue in Cuba. 1978-1979. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1981; 33 (1): 72-8.

31. Rospotrebnadzor. Infectious morbidity in the Russian Federation. http// www.rospotrebnadzor.ru. (in Russian)

32. Dzagurova T.K. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (etiology, specific laboratory diagnostics, development of diagnostic and vaccine preparations): Autoabstract of Diss. Moscow; 2014: 47 p. (in Russian)

33. Klempa B., Tkachenko E.A., Dzagurova T.K., et al. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by 2 lineages of Dobrava hantavirus, Russia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008; 14 (4): 617-25.

34. Vilibic-Cavlek T., Furic A., Barbic L., et al. Clinical and virological characteristics of hantavirus infections in a 2014 Croatian outbreak. J Infect Dev Countries. 2017; 11 (1): 73-80.

35. Knust B., Rollin P.E. Twenty-year summary of surveillance for human hantavirus infections, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013; 19 (12): 1934-7.

36. Lazaro M.E., Cantoni G.E., Calanni L.M. Clusters of hantavirus infection, southern Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007; 13 (1): 104-10.

37. Martinez V.P., Bellomo C.M., Cacace M.L., et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Argentina, 1995-2008. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010; 16 (12): 1853-60.

38. Marx G., Stinson K., Deatrich M., Albanese B. Notes from the Field: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in a Migrant Farm Worker - Colorado, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017; 66 (2): 62-3.

39. Tkachenko E.A., Dzagurova T.K., Bernshteyn A.D., et al. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal syndrome (history, problems and research perspectives). Epidemiologiya i vaktsinoprofilaktika [Epidemiology and Vaccine Prophylaxis]. 2016; 15 (3): 23-34. doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-3-23-34. (in Russian)

40. Epidemiology prevention and laboratory diagnosis of the disease caused by the Ebola virus: Practical guide. Edited by A.Yu. Popova, V.V. Ku-tyrev. Saratov: Bukva; 2015: 244 p. (in Russian)

41. Bausch D.G., Towner J.S., Dowell S.F., et al. Assessment of the risk of Ebola virus transmission from bodily fluids and fomites. J Infect Dis. 2007; 196 (2): 142-7.

42. Rouquet P., Froment J.M., Bermejo M., et al. Wild animal mortality monitoring and human Ebola outbreaks, Gabon and Republic of Congo, 2001-2003. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005; 11 (2): 283-90.

43. MacNeil A., Farnon E.C., Wamala J., et al. Proportion of deaths and clinical features in Bundibugyo Ebola virus infection, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010; 16 (12): 1969-72.

44. Pourrut X., Souris M., Towner J.S., et al. Large serological survey showing cocirculation of Ebola and Marburg viruses in Gabonese bat populations, and a high seroprevalence of both viruses in Rousettus aegypti-acus. BMC Infect Dis. 2009; 9: 159. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-159.

45. Baize S., Pannetier D., Oestereich L., et al. Emergence of Zaire Ebola virus disease in Guinea. N Engl J Med. 2014; 371 (15): 1418-25.

46. Leroy E.M., Epelboin A., Mondonge V., et al. Human Ebola outbreak resulting from direct exposure to fruit bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2007. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2009; 9 (6): 723-8.

47. Francesconi P., Yoti Z., Declich S., et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever transmission and risk factors of contacts, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003; 9 (5): 1430-7.

48. Prescott J., Bushmaker T., Fischer R., et al. Postmortem stability of Ebola virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015; 21 (5): 856-9.

49. Formenty P., Muntasir M.O., Damon I., et al. Human monkeypox outbreak caused by novel virus belonging to Congo Basin clade, Sudan, 2005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010; 16 (10): 1539-45.

50. Arita I., Jezek Z., Khodakevich L., Ruti K. Human monkeypox: a newly emerged orthopoxvirus zoonosis in the tropical rain forests of Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1985; 34 (4): 781-9.

51. Fenner F., Henderson D.A., Arita I., et al. Smallpox et its eradication. Geneva: WHO, 1988: 1287-321.

52. Hutin Y.J., Williams R.J., Malfait P., et al. Outbreak of human monkeypox, Democratic Republic of Congo, 1996 to 1997. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001; 7 (3): 434-8.

53. Marennikova S.S., Shchelkunov S.N. Pathogenic for humans orthopoxviruses. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press Ltd, 1998: 40-65. (in Russian)

54. Jezek Z., Marennikova S.S., Mutumbo M., et al. Human monkeypox: a study of 2,510 contacts of 214 patients. J Infect Dis. 1986; 154 (4): 551-5.

55. Jezek Z., Grab B., Szczeniowski M.V., et al. Human monkeypox: secondary attack rates. Bull World Health Organ. 1988; 66 (4): 465-70.

56. Rimoin A.W., Kisalu N., Kebela-Ilunga B., et al. Endemic human monkeypox, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2001-2004. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007; 13 (6): 934-7.

57. Bernard S.M., Anderson S.A. Qualitative assessment of risk for monkeypox associated with domestic trade in certain animal species, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006; 12 (12): 1827-33.

58. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox - Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003; 52 (24): 561-4.

59. Borisevich S.V., Loginova S.Ya., Terent'ev A.I., Krotkov V.T. Monkeypox. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2015; (1): 59-65. (in Russian)

All articles in our journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 license)

CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Journals of «GEOTAR-Media»