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4 . 2017

Epidemiological peculiarities of HIV spread in women

Abstract

The paper presents the results of studying the epidemic situation of HIV infection in the Repub­lic of Tajikistan with an assessment of HIV spread dynamics among women of childbearing age. Increasing of women' involvement in the Center of HIV infection in the Republic of Tajikistan determines the priority value of preventive interventions among this population.

Analyzing the ways of HIV infection contamination it is possible to state significant changes in the structure of HIV transmission that have occurred during the period of the HIV epidemic in Tajikistan: since 2009, there has been an increase in sexual (heterosexual) transmission (45.7%) due to unprotected hetero­sexual intercourse. From 2009 to 2015, the specific gravity of the sexual way of HIV transmission increased in 1.7 times, i.е. from 26.5% to 45.7%, respectively. Ratio of women infected with HIV by sexual transmission increased significantly, from 58.8% in 2009 to 78.2% in 2015, i.е. in 1.3 times.

It was found that the rapid rate of HIV infection among women correlates with the change in leading path­way of transmission of the virus, namely, with the increase in the proportion of heterosexual unprotected sex as a cause of HIV infection.

Thus, a steady increase in the spread of HIV infection through sexual transmission in Tajikistan is noted, with women of child-bearing age at greatest risk of HIV infection, which in turn has a negative impact on the growth of perinatal HIV transmission, since pregnant women become the most vulnerable contingent.

Against this background, the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of women are essential elements in the vulnerability reducing of women to HIV infection.

Keywords:HIV infection, HIV and women of childbearing age, sexual (heterosexual) way of HIV transmission

Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. 2017; (4): 57-61.
DOI: 10.24411/2305-3496-2017-00069


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CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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