Evaluation of the donor blood safety is as a measure of nosocomial HIV-transmission prevention at blood transfusions

• Sandyreva T.P.
• Podymova A.S.
• Kukarkina V.A.
• Popkova N.G.
• Nozhkina N.V.

Abstract

The aims of the work was to study the detection of HIV infection in blood donors, donors with diagnosed HIV infection were analyzed, the risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion and its components in the Sverdlovsk region estimated for the development of preventive measures of nosocomial transmission of HIV through blood transfusions.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the donor testing for HIV results in the Sverdlovsk region was carried out on the basis of official statistical reporting and clinical information from the software to store data "Clinic" for 2014 and 2015. There is evaluates the results of EIA studies donor antibody HIV-1, 2, as well as viral load, immune status, detection of viral hepatitis in HIV-infected donors. The residual risk of transmission of HIV is determined calculation method.

Results and discussion. Detection of HIV in donors in 2014 and 2015 was below the average level of this index in a population 6 times. Portrait of an HIV-infected donor is composed of: distribution in HIV-infected donors by gender revealed no significant differences. In 2014 the highest number of cases was in the group of donors aged 18-29 years - 50. In 2015 donors from Yekaterinburg diagnosis of HIV infection was 2.3 times higher than the regional donors, while detection of HIV infection in the population living in the Sverdlovsk Region was higher at 1.13 times of. A reduced values of CD4+ immune status were registered 2.8 times more likely in primary donors than the active (repeat). Over the 2-year follow-up to 5 people with viral load <150 copies/ml was detected. There is recipient infection risksthrough blood transfusion at laboratory implementation algorithm without PCR testing 1.5-1.6 times higher in comparison to the algorithm consisting of PCR technology.

Conclusion. Significant risks in the donor blood safety system were identified, necessitating optimization service blood organizational, technological approaches and the formation of donor staff, in terms of changes to the regulations, expand and select the laboratory algorithm donor blood testing, depending of the residual risk of HIV transmission at the blood transfusions.

Keywords:nosocomial HIV-transmission, residual risk, blood components with a shortshelf life, the primary donor, active donor, minipul, individual PCR testing

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