Cholera
Epidemiological situation in cholera in the world – termed the 7th pandemic – is a serious problem for world healthcare. That is why the resolution calling for necessary of transition from reaction on eruptions to their prevention (WHO, 2011) was adopted.
According to WHO data for 2012 cholera outbreaks registered in 29 countries of the world. The number of people with the disease was more than 163 thousand.
In this review main positions of ethiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and cholera treatment are observed at the present stage. Main role in cholera treatment belongs to pathogenic rehydration therapy. Among the most adapted for pathogenetic treatment crystalloid solutions are: Trisol, Quartasolum, Chlosol, Acesol, Ringer’s solution. Effective causal treatment is carried out for the drugs:
- tetracycline;
- doxycycline;
- rifaximin;
- сiprofloxacin;
- ofloxacin;
- pefloxacin;
- norfloxacin;
- lomefloxacin.
Measures in focus falling into any of the following categories:
1. Essential Hospital, examination and treatment of cholera patients and vibriocarriers.
2. Detection of cholerae reached by appartment rounds.
3. Hospitalization and examination of all patients with acute intestinal diseases for vibrio cholerae.
4. Identification of contact persons, medical monitoring within 5 days with single bacteriological examination and isolation in case of disease emergence.
5. Current and final disinfection.
6. Epidemiological inspection in focus.
7. Sanitary and phytosanitary measuresand, personal, social and health education.