Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in adults, the dynamics of the disease
AbstractLiterature data and clinical observations indicate that in order to choose the optimal management tactics for a patient with COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is important to determine the days of illness (phase) and assess the severity of the disease.
The aim of the study was to analyze the features of the course of the COVID-19 infectious process in the dynamics of the disease in adult patients.
Material and methods. The study included data from 166 patients aged 18 to 65 years with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The results of a comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examination of patients with moderate and severe severity of COVID-19 are analyzed.
Statistical data processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2021 and IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software (IBM Corporation, USA). The average values (M) and the standard error (m) were calculated. The reliability of differences between the indicators of independent samples was determined using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney criterion. The differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
Results and discussion. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data obtained during the examination of 140 (84.3%) patients with moderate and 26 (15.7%) patients with severe COVID-19 were studied in the dynamics of the disease.
The moderate course of COVID-19 was characterized by a predominance of symptoms of damage to the upper respiratory tract, less often the gastrointestinal tract, an increase in the level of inflammatory markers (D-dimer, C-reactive protein) and cytolysis enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) at the height of the disease (second phase) with further recovery. In patients with severe COVID-19, damage to the lower respiratory tract and central nervous system with the development of complications was revealed. There was a statistically significant increase in the levels of inflammatory markers and cytolysis enzymes compared with their parameirs in patients with moderate severity of the disease (p<0.05).
Conclusion. An assessment of the clinical and laboratory data of patients with severe COVID-19 in the dynamics of the disease confirms the development of a pronounced and prolonged systemic inflammatory reaction in patients. Clinically, this was manifested by damage to the lower respiratory tract with the development of bilateral interstitial pneumonia, multiple organ pathology and complications.
Keywords: COVID-19; markers of inflammation; phases of the disease
Funding. The study did not have financial support.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare the no conflict of interest.
Contribution. Concept and design of the study – Malikova Ya.V., Valishin D.A.; collection and processing of material – Malikova Ya.V., Valishin D.A.; statistical processing – Malikova Ya.V.; writing: Malikova Ya.V., Murzabaeva R.T.; editing – Murzabaeva R.T.
For citation: Malikova Ya.V., Valishin D.A., Murzabaeva R.T. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in adults, the dynamics of the disease. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2024; 13 (2): 30–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2024-13-2-30-36 (in Russian)
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