Lipid metabolism indicators in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

• Natalia A. Konyshko
• Larisa I. Volynets
• Grigory S. Konyshko

Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyze the published results of determining the parameters of lipid metabolism in patients with COVID-19 and convalescents.

Material and methods. The articles were searched in the PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY databases for the period from 2019 to 2023 using the keywords: lipid profile, cholesterol, triglycerides, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, multiple organ failure, disease severity, mortality. A total of 134 publications were found, 54 full-text articles with the results of clinical, randomized and cohort studies, 5 systematic reviews and 4 meta-analyses were selected for analysis.

Results and discussion. Multidirectional changes in lipid profile parameters were established in patients with COVID-19 and in the postcovid period. Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), before SARS-CoV-2 infection have been observed in patients with severe COVID-19. Low HDL and apolipoprotein A-I levels increase the risk of COVID-19 disease. Monitoring lipid/lipoprotein levels can predict the severity of the disease. Patients with COVID-19 with low levels of LDL and/or HDL have an increased risk of developing severe course of the disease with higher mortality. An increase in lipoprotein (a) levels may be a marker of the possible development of complications, especially thromboticones. In the postcovid period, there is a risk of developing dyslipidemia.

Conclusion. Hypolipidemic drugs (PCSK9 inhibitors and omega-3 fatty acids) may be recommended in the complex treatment of COVID-19.

Keywords:cholesterol; lipoproteins; triglycerides; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; post-COVID-19

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