Fundamentals basics. assessment of artificial active immunity (material for preparing the lecture)

Abstract

Preventive vaccination is currently the most available and affordable way to decrease the incidence of many infections and associated mortality improving the quality and duration of life with a practically ideal risk-benefit ratio among all medical procedures. The lecture offers an overview of brief history of vaccinology, basic concepts of preventive vaccination, specifics of epidemic processes, and related peculiarities of vaccination in our days. Essential composition of vaccines is described as well as their classification depending upon the immunogen production procedure and type, the number of components, introduction method, and their purpose. The concept of the RF National Calendar of preventive vaccination is explained together with the fundamentals of ensuring the patient's safety during vaccination in order to minimize the risk of adverse events following immunization (AEFI), the causes of AEFI and their main types; the principles of vaccination for patients with concomitant diseases are disclosed. Special attention is devoted to the discussion of mechanisms behind the formation of artificial active immunity, the ways to estimate the immunity level and overall vaccination effectiveness. The lecture may be useful both for students of medicine and doctors of various specialties: epidemiologists, bacteriologists, pediatricians, and infectologists.

Keywords:vaccination, vaccine, side effects after immunization, post-vaccination immunity

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Contribution. Concept and design of the lecture - Kharseeva G.G., Tyukavkina S.Yu.; the collection and processing of the material - Kharseeva G.G., Tyukavkina S.Yu.; writing a text - Kharseeva G.G., Tyukavkina S.Yu.; editing - Kharseeva G.G., Tyukavkina S.Yu.

For citation: Kharseeva G.G., Tyukavkina S.Yu. Fundamentals basics. assessment of artificial active immunity (material for preparing the lecture). Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2020; 9 (3): 106-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2020-9-3-106-118 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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