Could influenza vaccination be a non-specific prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections?

• Mihail P. Kostinov
• Ekaterina A. Khromova
• Aristitsa M. Kostinova

AbstractToday the world's attention is drawn towards a common problem: rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the search for effective means of its prevention. This article deals with modes of different influenza vaccines' action, evaluation of their non-specific influence on the organism's defense resources, which is extremely important during the pandemic. This article provides arguments for COVID patients' influenza vaccination as well as plans and terms for this procedure.

Keywords:influenza vaccine, adjuvant, innate and adaptive immunity, SARS-CoV-2

References

1. Medunitsyn N.V. Vaccinology. 3rd ed., revised and suppl. Moscow: Triada-X, 2010: 507 p. (in Russian)

2. Khromova E.A., Semochkin L.A., Akhmatova E.A., et al. Comparative activity of infl uenza vaccines: effect on lymphocyte subpopulation structure. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii [Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology]. 2016; (6): 61–5. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30538506 (in Russian)

3. Khromova E.A., Semochkin L.A., Akhmatova E.A., et al. Change of lymphocyte immunophenotype under the infl uence of immunoadjuvant and nonadjuvant infl uenza vaccines. Rossiyskiy immsunologicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Journal of Immunology]. 2016; 10 (2-1). Thematic issue "Kaliningrad Scientific Forum": 503–4. (in Russian)

4. Khromova E.A., Akhmatova E.A., Skhodova S.A., et al. Effect of influenza vaccines on subpopulations of blood dendritic cells. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii [Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology]. 2016; (5): 23–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2016-5-23-28 (in Russian)

5. Kostinov M.P., Akhmatova N.K., Khromova E.A., et al. The impact of adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted influenza vaccines on the innate and adaptive immunity effectors. In: Sh.K. Saxena (ed). IntechOpen Book Series. Infectious Diseases. Vol. 1. Influenza. Therapeutics and Challenges. 2018. Ch. 5. P. 83–109. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71939

6. Talayev V.Yu., Matveichev A.V., Zaichenko I.E., et al. Polyoxidonium® vaccine adjuvant enhances the immune response to low dose of influenza antigens. In: Scientific support of anti-epidemic protection of the population: current problems and solutions. Remedium Privolzh'e. (Nizhniy Novgorod). 2019: 363–5. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=39471103 (in Russian)

7. Zheng J., Perlman S. Immune responses in influenza A virus and human coronavirus infections: an ongoing battle between the virus and host. Curr Opin Virol. 2018; 28: 42–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2017.11.002

8. Zeng Q., Langereis M.A., van Vliet A.L.W., et al. Structure of coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase offers insight into corona and influenza virus evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008; 105 (26): 9065–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800502105

9. Sha Q., Truong-Tran A., Plitt J., et al. Activation of airway epithelial cells by toll-like receptor agonists. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2004; 31: 358–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2003-0388OC

10. Zhou J.H., Wang Y.N., Chang Q.Y., et al. Type III interferons in viral infection and antiviral immunity. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018; 51 (1): 173–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000495172

11. Yamamoto M., Sato S., Mori K., et al. Cutting edge: a novelToll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter that preferentially activates the IFN-beta promoter in the Toll-like receptor signaling. J Immunol. 2002; 169: 6668–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.169.12.6668

12. Wadman M. Can interferons stop COVID-19 before it takes hold? Science. 2020; 369 (6500): 125–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.369.6500.125

13. Khromova E.A., Semochkin A.A., Akhmatova E.A., et al. Influenza vaccines: infl uence on TLRs expression. Rossiyskiy immsunologicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Journal of Immunology]. Thematic issue «Kaliningrad Scientific Forum». 2016; 10 (2-1): 505–7. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29132637

14. Khromova E.A., Skhodova S.A., Stolpnikova V.N., et al. Activation of Toll-like receptors with infl uenza vaccines (in vitro). Meditsinskaya immunologiya [Medical Immunology]. 2017; 19. Special issue. Materials of the XVI All-Russian Scientifi c Forum with international participation named after academician V.I. Ioffe «Days of Immunology in Saint Petersburg». June 5–8 2017: (19): 71–2. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29758140 (in Russian)

15. Sokolova T.M., Poloskov V.V., Shuvalov A.N. Vaccines Grippol and Vaxigrip are activators of gene expression of the innate immunity system in the cells of acute monocytic leukemia THP1. Yevraziyskiy soyuz uchenykh [Eurasian Union of Scientists]. 2016; 5 (26): 61–3. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=27440361 (in Russian)

16. Prompetchara E., Ketloy C., Palaga T. Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2020; 38 (1): 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12932/AP-200220-0772

17. Wu X., Cai Y., Huang X., et al. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in patient with pneumonia, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020; 26 (6): 1324–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.200299

18. Ma S., Lai X., Chen Z., Tu S., Qin K. Clinical characteristics of critically ill patients Co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus in Wuhan, China. J Infect Dis. 2020 May 30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.068

19. World Health Organization. Health workers exposure risk assessment and management in the context of COVID-19 virus: interim guidance. World Health Organization. 2020 March 4. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331340

20. Salem M.L., El-Hennawy D. The possible beneficial adjuvant effect of influenza vaccine to minimize the severity of COVID-19. Med Hypotheses. 2020; 140: 109752. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109752 (URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5054979)

21. Kostinov M.P., Svitich O.A., Markelova E.V. Potential COVID-19 immunoprophylaxis in high-risk groups. Temporary allowance for doctors. Moscow: MDV, 2020: 64 p. (in Russian)

22. Priority vaccination of respiratory infections during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic and after its completion. A guide for doctors. In: M.P. Kostinov, A.G. Chuchalin (eds). Moscow: MDV, 2020: 32 p. (in Russian)

23. Kostinov M.P. The hypothesis of epidemic welfare for SARS-CoV-2 in Russia. Zhurnal nepreryvnogo meditsinskogo obrazovaniya vrachey [Journal of Continuing Medical Education of Doctors]. 2020; 9 (2): 50–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2020-9-2-50-56 (in Russian)

24. Kostinov M.P., Shmitko A.D., Polishchuk V.B., Khromova E.A. Modern representation of the new coronavirus and the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2020; 9 (2): 33–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2020-9-2-33-42 (in Russian)

All articles in our journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 license)