Dynamic evaluation of the immune system response of children of different ages in Epstein-Barr viral infectious mononucleosis

Abstract

Aim to reveal dynamic assessment of the immune system response in children of different ages in Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) infectious mononucleosis (IM).

Material and methods. We conducted the study of 98 children with EBV IM, including a comprehensive immunological examination. Statistical data processing was carried out in the Statistica 10.

Results and discussion. Changes in the subpopulation composition of lymphocytes in all groups at 1 week were unidirectional. However, the degree of severity of immunological reactions was different depending on the age of the child. Children aged 3-6 years had a higher content of CD23+-, CD38+-, and children over 7 years -CD8+-, CD16+-, CD11b+-lymphocytes. In children 3-6 years old was recorded the predominance of Th2 immune response, in children 7-11 years old the type of response was mixed - Th1/Th2, and in the group of 1217 years old there was a full launch of Th1-response. The preservation of significantly high values of the main lymphocyte subpopulations was noted in the repeated study (3 week). However, the level of CD16+-lymphocytes in children 3-6 and 11-17 years and the level of CD11b+-lymphocytes in children 3-6 years decreased to standard values. The level of CD20+- and CD23+-lymphocytes became significantly higher in the I group, and the level of CD38+-lymphocytes increased in the 2 group. The level of cytokines in all age groups indicated the predominance of Th2-response.

Conclusion. We have found age-specific dynamics of immunological reactions fs a result of the analysis of immunological parameters in children with EBV IM. In the group of 3-6 years, we revealed an imbalance of the immune response, consisting of the most significant deviations of the content of most lymphocytes and the predominance of cytokines Th2 immune response. In the group of 7-11 years, the immune response to the Epstein-Barr virus wasn't optimal too. This was expressed in the launch of a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response with switching to Th2 as the clinical symptoms subsided and maintaining a statistically significantly high content of lymphocytes subpopulation. The immune response of patients 12-17 years old with Epstein-Barr viral infectious was characterized by a logical shift of Th1 to Th2 immune response and the greatest average intensity immune interactions. Thus, a complex immunological reaction in children 12-17 years could be considered the most favorable response, contributing to the elimination of Epstein-Barr virus.

Keywords:Epstein-Barr virus, infectious mononucleosis, children, cytokines, lymphocytes, Th1 immune response, Th2 immune response

Funding. The study had no sponsor support.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

For citation: Kashuba E.A., Antonova M.V., Drozdova T.G., Lyubimtseva O.A., Khanipova L.V., Ogoshkova N.V., Chekhova Yu.S. Dynamic evaluation of the immune system response of children of different ages in Epstein-Barr viral infectious mononucleosis. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2020; 9 (1): 63-72. doi: 10.33029/2305-3496-2020-9-1-63-72 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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