Q Fever: XXI Century (lecture material)

Abstract

Q fever (coxiellosis) is a natural focal disease with different mechanisms and ways of transmission in its natural biotopes. The disease area covers all territories of the globe, except for New Zealand, Antarctica and Arctic. The primary reservoirs in nature are many species of ungulates, small mammals and birds, ticks of different species, the secondary reservoir - animals in human environment. Infection of the humans usually occurs by the airdust route. In 90% of cases, acute symptomatic infection occurs as a form of influenza-like illness, light or moderate. From 2 to 20% of cases are hospitalized. Clinical diagnosis of coxiellosis requires confirmation by laboratory methods (CFT, IFA, ELISA, PCR). The mortality is not higher than 1%. Complications: pneumonia, hepatitis; in chronic form - endocarditis, in convalescents - postinfectious asthenia. Coxiellosis in pregnant women causes miscarriages and premature births Q fever is not an occupational disease. People who accidentally happened to be in the area of aerosol cloud contaminated with coxiellas, are objects of the infection. Most often they are men of employable age (from 15 to 60 years). Treatment of acute forms most effectively with doxycycLine, the chronic form - with doxycycLine in combination with hydrochloroquine. Specific prophylaxis (vaccination) is indicated for persons of high risk groups; nonspecific prophylaxis - culling and slaughtering of animals, especially goats and sheeps.

Keywords:Q fever, coxiellosis, ecology, epidemiology, clinic, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis

For citation: Lukin E.P., Mishchenko O.A., Borisevich S.V. Q Fever: XXI Century (lecture material). Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2019; 8 (4): 62-77. doi: 10.24411/2305-3496-2019-14009 (in Russian)

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Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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