The analysis of nosocomial cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

Abstract

The leading mechanism of human infection with the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a transmissive, realized by inoculation (by infected with CCHFV tick bittes) or contamination (by crushing a tick) ways. However, human infection can occur through direct contact with the patient, bypassing the viral vector. Patients with CCHF are most dangerous to others during the first days of the disease, especially during of bleeding.

The analysis of nosocomial cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) indicates that health care workers are group of increased risk of infection. The highest risk of infection is observed in the initial period of disease until laboratory confirmation of CCHF. This is due to the lack of alertness to CCHF by medical care, breaking of the biosafety rules and inadequate using of personal protective equipment during the implementation of medical procedures. Medical workers are usually infected in the process of first-aid treatment of patients, as well as during medical manipulations in surgical, gynecological and infectious institutions. In the established cases of CCHF, infection of medical workers usually occurs through contact with patients whose disease is severe with hemorrhagic manifestations, which is associated with a high viral load in the blood.

To prevent the nosocomial outbreaks, it is necessary to organize of systematic seminars for the treatment and prophylactic organizations staff on the prevention of nosocomial CCHF cases in order to form a sufficient epidemiological alertness, as well as strict control over following to the biosafety rules in hospitals when providing medical care, carrying out medical manipulations to patients and performing laboratory tests.

Keywords:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, nosocomial case, nosocomial infection

For citation: Vasilenko N.F., Maletskaya O.V., Prislegina D.A., Volynkina A.S., Taran T.V., Manin E.A., Kulichenko A.N. The analysis of nosocomial cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2019; 8 (4): 39-47. doi: 10.24411/2305-3496-2019-14006 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Head of Infection Diseases and Epidemiology Department of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.A. Semashko ofRussian University of Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases, Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Deputy Director for Research, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow, Russian Federation)

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